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Jennifer Diane Reitz wrote:But the big question is: why are all of these aliens (with only a few, notable exceptions) more or less humanoid? Tall or short, metallic or fleshy, heavy or thin, they all have two legs, two arms, one torso, and a head with two eyes (on average).
That, to me, is the easiest question of all to answer: frugality.
If these beings are not biots, living bio-machines with downloaded minds (as I have above just considered), if they really are different biological, evolved species, then the answer is so very simple: what is the minimum effective creature? The rock-bottom, no frills, Nature Is A Frugal Bitch animal?
Two legs is the minimum to walk. Two arms the minimum needed to manipulate objects skillfully. Two eyes the frugal minimum to perceive depth. A head to concentrate all sense organs into one frugal package. Any mouth must be below all else, because food is messy, and can cause infection or even chemical injury to sensitive tissue, and gravity pulls ichor and gibbets down. Mouth on the bottom.
The eyes must be above any mouth to prevent them from being damaged by food contamination. They are logically high to allow the animal to observe while being able to hide the majority of itself from predators, as well. Any nose or breathing slits must be below the eyes and above the mouth because lungs are easy targets of infection; if food gets inside it rots and causes trouble, and if the breathing system becomes inflamed or infected for any reason - a common thing, considering the commonality of particles in the air - then it cannot drip into the all-important eyes, spreading infection there. Ears must be set apart and to the side in some manner, for depth perception and distance/direction of sound to be perceived, just as with the eyes. Physics and biology demand these things, and Nature truly is frugal - everything costs caloric energy, and calories are costly for every animal.
So, what if I am right and ET is a post-biological biot with a downloaded mind? Why remain a humanoid? Surely they would have such vast resources that no expense is too great, right? Perhaps. It is also likely that sticking with what works makes sense: the minimal form is very versatile and above all more likely to be accepted than something horrifically complex to every encountered species because every encountered species is going to be... (as demonstrated) humanoid. Less scary, more useful, even if budget is not an issue.
[…]
And as for the ships, be they saucer, wing, triangle, orb, or other strange shape... I imagine them to be the actual people. Ships filled with downloaded intelligences and no actual decks or rooms, unless specifically designed as carrier/transport/examination vehicles. Solid state machine-beings. Perhaps with the ability to generate a biot or three when needed, perhaps not.
Lastly, why the heck come here? Easy. Planets filled with life are fascinating! Any civilization with enough curiosity to get out into space is going to have that same curiosity drive it to diddle around with places like Earth.
Why not just reveal themselves openly? Why this game of hovering about as if they just plain didn't care if we can see them or not, utterly unconcerned with contacting us, hanging over our cities, airports, countryside, farms, highways, oceans, zooming by our orbiting satellites, shuttles and space craft, uncaring of what we think or who might photograph them?
Do you worry how many hamsters in a cage see your hand when you reach in? I do not think we are important. If a human is abducted, it means as much as if an animal here is tranquilized and tagged by some biologist studying migration patterns. If the abductee claims that a Grey expressed, telepathically, that they meant them no harm, and that everything would be alright, why... I think that is no different than giving a kindly scratch behind a dog's ear, to calm them down. Our conceit of language and words would be as simplistic as a belly rub to an advanced sapient post-singularity civilization. There, there, little human.
Monocheres wrote:
The reason they look so humanoid is ... they share a common evolutionary ancestor with us. Or rather, a version of a common ancestor, one that split off from our line in some alternate splay. Or 56 or 57 different splays. The ones where hominids evolved a little bit faster, hit the Singularity just a little bit earlier, started uploading their consciousnesses into the quantum ether and then constructing custom bodies for themselves, and finally discovering Krawlni-like dimensional technology sooner.
Just think of all those splays, so close to our own. Why, their gravity, leaking into our world through Alternity, and our gravity leaking into theirs, could be the explanation for Dark Matter!
RaharuAharu wrote:Jennifer,
I would love to see something like this in story or comic form.
I want to see how you see this in your minds eyes... It doesnt have to be a a weekly comic, but just like... artistic renderings with lots of words...
Monocheres wrote:... That is what I am thinking, tonight.
http://www.ras.org.uk/news-and-press/21 ... le-planets
Interstellar crashes could throw out habitable planets
Our solar system, where planets have a range of sizes and move in near-circular paths, may be rather unusual, according to a German-British team led by Professor Pavel Kroupa of the University of Bonn. The astronomers, who publish their model in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, find that forming planetary systems may be knocked around by crashes with nearby clumps of material, leading to systems where planets have highly inclined orbits and where the smaller (and potentially habitable) worlds are thrown out completely.
The planets in our Solar System, including the Earth, orbit in the same direction around the Sun as the Sun spins, mostly move in paths not so different from circles and are also more or less lined up into a plane not tilted very far with respect to the solar equator. But planetary systems around other stars can be very different, with some worlds moving in the opposite direction to the spin of their stars and with highly tilted orbits. For the first time the team of astronomers think they have a convincing explanation for these radically different systems.
Both the shape of and direction of travel of planets in our Solar System were thought to result entirely from the formation of the Sun and planets more than 4600 million years ago. Our local planetary system is believed to have formed as a cloud of gas and dust (a nebula) that collapsed into a rotating disk under the influence of gravity. The planets then grew from clumps of material within this so-called protoplanetary disk.
The new work suggests that oddly shaped orbits may result from a rather less smooth process. The team think that if the protoplanetary disk enters another cloud of material, it can draw off up to about 30 times the mass of Jupiter from the cloud. Adding this extra gas and dust tilts the disk and hence the angle of the final orbits. Most planetary systems are thought to form in clusters of stars, where the member stars are fairly close together, so these encounters may be very common.
Team member Dr Ingo Thies, also of the University of Bonn, has carried out computer simulations to test the new idea. He finds that as well as tilting over, loading the protoplanetary disk with material can even reverse its spin, so that it turns in a 'retrograde' sense, where it rotates in the opposite sense to its parent star. At the same time, the encounter compresses the inner region of the disk, possibly speeding up the planetary formation process.
In those circumstances, the simulation suggests that any planets that form will then be in highly inclined or even retrograde orbits. In some cases the orbits may even be tilted with respect to each other, leading to a highly unstable system. One by one, the least massive planets will be ejected completely, leaving behind a small number of 'hot Jupiters', massive worlds that move in orbits extremely close to their star.
In less extreme cases, the disk may only collect a small amount of additional gas and dust and change its tilt by a small amount. This may be what happened in our own Solar System, where the weighted average tilt of planetary orbits to the Sun's equator is about 7 degrees.
Dr Thies believes the Sun and planets are amongst the more orderly systems. "Like most stars, the Sun formed in a cluster, so probably did encounter another cloud of gas and dust soon after it formed. Fortunately for us, this was a gentle collision, so the effect on the disk that eventually became the planets was relatively benign. If things had been different, an unstable planetary system may have formed around the Sun, the Earth might have been ejected from the Solar System and none of us would be here to talk about it."
Professor Kroupa sees the model as a big step forward. "We may be on the cusp of solving the mystery of why some planetary systems are tilted so much and lack places where life could thrive. The model helps to explain why our Solar System looks the way it does, with the Earth in a stable orbit and larger planets further out. Our work should help other scientists refine their search for life elsewhere in the Universe."
Bit by Bit: The Darwinian Basis of Life
Gerald F. Joyce
Abstract
All known examples of life belong to the same biology, but there is increasing enthusiasm among astronomers, astrobiologists, and synthetic biologists that other forms of life may soon be discovered or synthesized. This enthusiasm should be tempered by the fact that the probability for life to originate is not known. As a guiding principle in parsing potential examples of alternative life, one should ask: How many heritable “bits” of information are involved, and where did they come from? A genetic system that contains more bits than the number that were required to initiate its operation might reasonably be considered a new form of life.
Thanks to a combination of ground- and space-based astronomical observations, the number of confirmed extrasolar planets will soon exceed 1,000. An increasing number of these will be said to lie within the “habitable zone” and even be pronounced as “Earth-like.” Within a decade there will be observational data regarding the atmospheric composition of some of those planets, and just maybe those data will indicate something funny going on—something well outside the state of chemical equilibrium—on a potentially hospitable planet. Perhaps our astronomy colleagues should be forgiven for their enthusiasm in declaring that humanity is on the brink of discovering alien life.
But haven't we heard this before? Didn't President Clinton announce in 1996 that a Martian meteorite recovered in Antarctica [1] “speaks of the possibility of life” on Mars? (No, it turned out to be mineralic artifacts.) Wasn't some “alien” arsenic-based life discovered recently in Mono Lake, California [2]? (No, it's a familiar proteobacterium struggling to survive in a toxic environment.) Didn't Craig Venter and his colleagues recently create a synthetic bacterial cell [3], “the first self-replicating species we've had on the planet whose parent is a computer”? (No, its parent is Mycoplasma mycoides and its genome was dutifully reconstructed through DNA synthesis and PCR amplification.)
Why are we so confused (or so lonely) that we have such trouble distinguishing life from non-life and distinguishing our biology from another? A key limitation is that we know of only one life form, causing us to regard life from that singular perspective (Figure 1). We see life as cellular, with a nucleic acid genome that is translated to a protein machinery. Life self-reproduces, transmits heritable information to its progeny, and undergoes Darwinian evolution based on natural selection. Life captures high-energy starting materials and converts them to lower-energy products to drive metabolic processes. Life exists on at least one temperate, rocky planet, where it has persisted for about four billion years. There are likely to be tens of thousands of “habitable” planets within a thousand light years of Earth, and more than a billion such planets in our galaxy, so surely (say the astronomers) we are not alone.
Rolling the Dice Top
What, in fact, is the probability that a temperate, rocky planet will generate life? Science cannot say. That is because, based on the one known example of obscure origins, even a Bayesian would not want to assign a probability to such an event. The probability assessment would be more meaningful if there were even one more genuine example of life, whether discovered in space, on Earth, or in a test tube. If that entity had all of the properties of terrestrial life described above, then one would conclude that, indeed, we are not alone. But what if the entity had only some of those properties? What if it could self-reproduce, directing the assembly of progeny of identical composition, but could not evolve new functions? What if it consisted of complex chemical processes within a cellular compartment but had no basis for maintaining heritable genetic information? What if it had all of the properties of life but was descended from our own life form rather than derived from an independent origin?
When faced with such real or hypothetical situations regarding alternative life, it is useful to frame the question in terms of information: How many heritable bits are involved, and where did they come from? (Box 1) Biological systems are distinguishable from chemical systems because they contain components that have many potential alternative compositions but adopt a particular composition based on the history of the system. In this sense biological systems have a molecular memory (genotype), which is shaped by experience (selection) and maintained by self-reproduction. One can count the number of bits in this molecular memory, for example, up to two bits per base pair for a nucleic acid genome. The bits accrue as potential alternative compositions are excluded and specific compositions are adopted. More formally, the number of bits is calculated as log2 of the number of potential compositions divided by the number of realized compositions. One must count only those bits that accrue within the system, not those that were evolved elsewhere and bestowed upon the system for free.
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